Pioderma gangrenoso ampollar como forma de presentación de leucemia mieloide agudo: informe de un caso / Acute myeloid leukemia presented in the form of bullous pyoderma gangrenosum: a case report

El pioderma gangrenoso ampollar es una variedad infrecuente de pioderma gangrenoso, que se asocia en el 50-70% de los casos con trastornos oncohematológicos. Se comunica el caso de una paciente de 59 años, que consultó por fiebre y ampollas purpúricas de rápida progresión, con compromiso cutáneo mucoso. Con sospecha de una enfermedad neutrofílica, ampollar, o infección por gérmenes oportunistas, se realizó biopsia de piel para estudio histopatológico, inmunofluorescencia directa y cultivo. Los cultivos y la inmunofluorescencia directa fueron negativos, y la anatomía patológica reveló un denso infiltrado inflamatorio con predominio neutrofílico en dermis. Ante el diagnóstico de pioderma gangrenoso ampollar, se realizó una punción-aspiración de médula ósea cuyo resultado fue compatible con leucemia mieloide aguda. Se instauró tratamiento con corticosteroides sistémicos, a pesar de lo cual la paciente evolucionó desfavorablemente y falleció a los 15 días de su ingreso hospitalario. Este caso ilustra la asociación de esta enfermedad cutánea con trastornos oncohematológicos y el mal pronóstico que esto implica a corto plazo. (AU)

Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum is an infrequent type of pyoderma gangrenosum, associated with onco hematological diseases in 50-70% of cases. We present the case of a 59-year-old patient with fever and mucocutaneous hemorrhagic bullous of rapid progression. A biopsy for histopathology, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and skin culture was made, considering the possibility of neutrophilic dermatoses, bullous dermatosis or an opportunistic infection. The results of both the culture and the DIF were negative. The histopathological examination of the specimen revealed a dense dermal polymorphic infiltrate composed primarily of neutrophils. Considering bullous pyoderma gangrenosum as a potential diagnosis, a bone-marrow biopsy was performed. This study revealed an acute myeloid leukemia. Although systemic corticosteroid therapy was begun, the patient presented an unfavorable evolution that led to her death 15 days after her admission at the hospital. This case shows the association between bullous pyoderma gangrenosum and onco hematological diseases. In addition, it highlights the poor prognosis related to these diseases in the short term. (AU)

Dermatosis neutrofílica de las manos y rostro posterior a mordedura de perro: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Neutrophilic dermatosis of the hands and face after dog bite: case report and literature review

La Dermatosis neutrofílica de las manos es consi-derada una variante localizada acral del Síndrome de Sweet, más frecuente en mujeres y principal-mente asociada a enfermedades hematológicas. Las lesiones aparecen como pápulas, vesículas, nó-dulos, placas, úlceras y ampollas, principalmente en el dorso de las manos. Aproximadamente la mi-tad de los pacientes presenta fenómeno de patergia como factor desencadenante.En el presente caso clínico se describe una derma-tosis neutrofílica de las manos posterior a morde-dura de perro, asociado a mielofibrosis primaria y desarrollo de lesiones faciales.

Neutrophilic dermatosis of the hands is conside-red an acral localized variant of Sweet Syndrome, more frequent in women and mainly associated with hematological diseases. The lesions appear as papules, vesicles, nodules, plaques, ulcers, and blisters, mainly on the back of the hands. Appro-ximately half of the patients present a phenome-non of pathergy as a triggering factor. Herein we describe a case of neutrophilic dermatosis of the hands after a dog bite, associated with primary myelofibrosis and development of facial lesions.

Type 2 leprosy reaction with Sweet's syndrome-like presentation

Abstract Leprosy is a chronic disease characterized by manifestations in the peripheral nerves and skin. The course of the disease may be interrupted by acute phenomena called reactions. This article reports a peculiar case of type 2 leprosy reaction with Sweet's syndrome-like features as the first clinical manifestation of leprosy, resulting in a delay in the diagnosis due to unusual clinical presentation. The patient had clinical and histopathological features reminiscent of Sweet's syndrome associated with clusters of vacuolated histiocytes containing acid-fast bacilli isolated or forming globi. Herein, it is discussed how to recognize type 2 leprosy reaction with Sweet's syndrome features, the differential diagnosis with type 1 leprosy reaction and the treatment options. When this kind of reaction is the first clinical presentation of leprosy, the correct diagnosis might be not suspected clinically, and established only with histopathologic evaluation.

Sweet's syndrome associated with cellulitis - a challenging diagnosis

Abstract Sweet's syndrome is a neutrophilic dermatosis with worldwide distribution that has been associated with inflammatory autoimmune diseases, infections, malignancies, drugs, and pregnancy. The disease is idiopathic in up to 50% of patients. A 64-year-old woman, diagnosed with right limb cellulitis (4 days of evolution), was seen at our department, due to persistent cellulitis and progressive appearance of painful nodules and plaques in both shins and the right forearm (2 days of evolution). Taken together, clinical, laboratory and pathological data suggested the diagnosis of Sweet's syndrome, probably secondary to cellulitis of the right inferior limb. We suggest that cellulitis may be associated with Sweet's syndrome, a rare association in the literature.

Síndrome de Sweet asociado a síndrome mielodisplásico / Sweet syndrome associated with myelodysplastic syndrome

El síndrome de Sweet o dermatosis neutrofílica febril aguda es una enfermedad sistémica de etiología desconocida, caracterizada por aparición brusca de fiebre y lesiones cutáneas, asociadas con leucocitosis y neutrofilia. Puede ser idiopático o estar asociado a Enfermedades hematológicas, procesos inflamatorios, infecciones, fármacos o embarazo. Las mielodisplasias son trastornos hematológicos caracterizados por una o más citopenias secundarias a disfunción de la médula ósea. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 81 años con síndrome de Sweet y posterior diagnóstico de síndrome mielodisplásico, con buena respuesta al tratamiento corticoideo y resolución de las lesiones cutáneas. (AU)

Sweet's syndrome or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology characterized by sudden onset of painful skin lesions; predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytosis. It can be associated with hematologic malignancies, idiopathic, parainflammatory, secondary to drugs and pregnancy. Myelodysplasias are haematological disorders characterized by one or more cytopenias secondary to bone marrow dysfunction. We report the case of a patient of 81 years with Sweet syndrome with subsequent diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome with good response to corticosteroid treatment and resolution of the skin lesions. (AU)

Síndrome de Sweet y embarazo: a propósito de un caso / Sweet syndrome and pregnancy: case report

El síndrome de Sweet, también conocido como dermatosis neutrofílica febril aguda, es una entidad infrecuente, de etiología desconocida, caracterizada por la aparición brusca de placas eritematosas, dolorosas, acompañadas de fiebre, leucocitosis neutrofílica y denso infiltrado dérmico leucocitario polimorfonuclear. Si bien la mayoría de los casos son idiopáticos, es bienconocida su relación con procesos neoplásicos malignos, enfermedades autoinmunes, inflamatorias, infecciosas, fármacos y embarazo. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con síndrome de Sweet asociado a embarazo y realizamos una revisión bibliográfica de esta patología.

Sweet's syndrome, also known as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is a rare entity of unknown etiology characterized by the sudden onset of painful erythematous plaques, associated with fever, leukocytosis with neutrophilia as well as a dense dermal polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltrate. Although most cases are idiopathic, it is well known to be related with malignant neoplastic processes, autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious diseases, drugs and pregnancy. A case of a pregnant woman with Sweet ́s syndrome diagnosis is reported and a literature review is performed.

Síndrome de Sweet idiopático: reporte de caso / Sweet syndrome idiopathic: case report

El síndrome de Sweet (SS) es el prototipo de las dermatosis neutrofílicas, un grupo de enfermedades cutáneas de carácter reactivo caracterizadas histopatológicamente por la presencia de un infiltrado de neutrófilos. Es un marcador de diversas enfermedades internas, entre las que destacan las infecciones, la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, las conectivopatías autoinmunitarias y variadas neoplasias malignas, especialmente las de origen hematológico. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 39 años, con diagnóstico de SS, tras sospecha clínica y biopsia de lesiones cutáneas.

Sweet's syndrome (SS) is the prototype of neutrophilic dermatosis, a group of skin diseases reactive in nature and characterized histopathologically by the presence of an infiltrate of neutrophils. It is a marker of various internal diseases, among which are infections, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune connectivopathies and various malignancies, especially those oj hematologic origin. We present a case of a 39 year old woman, diagnosed with SS after clinical suspicion and biopsy of skin lesions.

Variante ampollar de síndrome de Sweet: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Bullous Variant of Sweet's syndrome: case report and literature review

El síndrome de Sweet, también llamado dermatosis neutrofílica febril aguda es una enfermedad sistémica de etiología desconocida, poco frecuente en la población general y raramente diagnosticada en la infancia. Se caracterizada por presentar pápulas y/o nódulos eritematovioláceos que coalescen formando placas dolorosas, fiebre y leucocitosis con neutrofilia, y la presencia de un denso infiltrado dérmico neutrofílico en la histopatología cutánea. Presentamos el caso inusual de un adolescente de 13 años de edad que presentó una variante ampollar del síndrome de Sweet.

Sweet’s syndrome or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis is a systemic disease of unknown aetiology, very infrequent in general population and rarely diagnosed in childhood. It is characterized by the presence of papules and/or nodules that coalesce to form painful erythematous and violaceous plaques, fever, neutrophilic leucocytosis and a massive neutrophilic dermal infiltrate on skin histopathology. We present the unusual case of a 13 years old adolescent who presented a bullous variant of Sweet syndrome.

Síndrome de Sweet asociado a leucemia mieloide aguda y factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos: Caso clínico / Sweet's syndrome associated with acute myeloid leukemia: Report of one case

Sweet's syndrome, also known as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is characterized by fever, neutrophilia, erythematous and tender skin lesions that typically show a diffuse infiltrate of neutrophils in the upper dermis. This disorder has been associated with myeloproliferative syndromes. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with an acute myeloid leukemia, presenting a Sweet's syndrome. A worsening of cutaneous lesions injuries was observed when granulocyte colony stimulating factor was added to treatment.

Síndrome de Sweet associada a linfoma de Hodgkin: relato de caso / Sweet's Syndrome associated with Hodgkin's disease: case report

A síndrome de Sweet é enfermidade cutânea rara e de etiologia pouco esclarecida. Cerca de 20 por cento dos casos são associados a neoplasias hematológicas, sendo raros os casos relacionados à doença de Hodgkin. Relata-se caso de paciente masculino de 57 anos que desenvolveu a síndrome concomitantemente à neoplasia. As doenças foram controladas com o tratamento específico.

Sweet's syndrome is a rare cutaneous disease of unknown etiology. About 20 percent of the cases are associated with hematological neoplasms, and cases related with Hodgkin's disease are rare. We present the case of a 57-year old male patient who developed the syndrome concomitantly with the neoplasm. The diseases were controlled with specific treatment.

Síndrome de Sweet e policondrite recidivante reveladores de síndrome mielodisplásica / Sweet's Syndrome and relapsing polychondritis signal myelodysplastic syndrome

Certas dermatoses, pertencentes ao grupo das síndromes paraneoplásicas mucocutâneas, podem ser o prenúncio de uma neoplasia previamente não conhecida. Tanto a síndrome de Sweet como a policondrite recidivante incluem-se neste grupo. A síndrome de Sweet e a PR são raramente encontradas em um mesmo paciente. A presença de policondrite recidivante e síndrome de Sweet em um mesmo paciente tem se revelado mais frequente em pacientes com neoplasias associadas, sobretudo hematológicas. Relata-se o caso de paciente do sexo masculino, 79 anos, com síndrome de Sweet e policondrite recidivante, em quem, subsequentemente, foi diagnosticada uma síndrome mielodisplásica.

The emergence of certain skin conditions belonging to the group of mucocutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes may indicate the future appearance of a previously unknown malignancy. Sweet's Syndrome and relapsing polychondritis are included in this group. Sweet's Syndrome and relapsing polychondritis are very rarely found together in the same patient. This dual occurrence is more commonly found in cancer patients with associated hematological malignancies. We report the case of a 79year-old male with Sweet's Syndrome and relapsing polychondritis, who was subsequently diagnosed with a myelodysplastic syndrome.

Síndrome de Sweet: estudo de 23 casos / Sweet's syndrome: a study of 23 cases

FUNDAMENTOS: A síndrome de Sweet (SS) é uma doença rara, caracterizada por lesões cutâneas eritematovioláceas dolorosas, febre, leucocitose com neutrofilia e derme com infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico denso à histologia. Apresenta excelente resposta à corticoterapia. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os casos de SS em hospital universitário, identificando as características clínicas, laboratoriais e epidemiológicas e compará-las com os dados da literatura. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo, mediante revisão de prontuários. Identificaram-se 23 pacientes que preencheram os critérios diagnósticos para a doença no período de março de 1995 a julho de 2009. Coletaram-se dados clínicos e epidemiológicos dos pacientes, tais como: localização das lesões, presença de manifestações cutâneas e extracutâneas, condições associadas à SS e alguns dados laboratoriais, como con tagem de leucócitos e velocidade de hemossedimentação (VHS). RESULTADOS: As idades variaram entre 2 e 75 anos. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino. As lesões acometeram, preferencialmente, tronco e membros superiores. Febre foi a manifestação sistêmica mais comum, seguida por artralgias e mialgia, conjuntivite e artrite. Os fatores desencadeantes mais comumente detectados foram infecções de vias aéreas. Neoplasias associadas ocorreram em 30 por cento dos pacientes, principalmente hematológicas. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados clínicos e epidemiológicos encontrados no presente estudo são, em sua maior parte, similares aos já disponíveis na literatura. Devido à alta prevalência de doenças malignas na SS é importante diagnosticá-la, realizar investigação sistêmica adequada e manter seguimento dos pacientes.

BACKGROUND: Sweet's syndrome or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis is a rare disease characterized by painful violaceous erythematous skin lesions, fever, neutrophilic leukocytosis and dense dermal neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate. It shows excellent response to corticosteroids. OBJECTIVES: To assess cases of Sweet's syndrome in a university hospital, identifying its clinical, laboratory and epidemiological characteristics and compare them with the data found on the literature. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study by examining the medical records of 23 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for the disease from March 1995 to July 2009. We collected clinical and epidemiological data on the patients, such as lesion location, presence of cutaneous and extracutaneous manifestations, conditions associated with SS and some laboratory data, such as leukocyte count and ESR. RESULTS: The age of the patients in the study ranged from 2 to 75 years. There were more females. The lesions mostly affected the trunk and upper limbs. Fever was the most common systemic manifestation, followed by arthralgia and myalgia, conjunctivitis and arthritis. The triggering factors most commonly identified were infections of the respiratory tract. Associated neoplasia occurred in 30 percent of the patients, especially hematologic neoplasia. CONCLUSION: The clinical and epidemiological data found in our study are mostly similar to those found in the literature. Given the high prevalence of malignant diseases in patients with Sweet's syndrome, it is necessary to know how to perform the diagnosis, carry out a full investigation as well as do the patient's follow up.

Síndrome de Sweet asociado a carcinoma metastásico de mama / Swwwt's syndrome associated with metastatic breast carcinoma

El síndrome de Sweet es la dermatosis neutrofílica más frecuente. Se caracteriza por fiebre, mal estado general, aparición brusca de pápulas y placas eritematosas, edematosas y dolorosas, en ocasiones con vesículas y pústulas estériles en superficie, localizadas en cabeza, cuello y parte superior del tronco; leucocitosis neutrofílicas y un infiltrado inflamatorio difuso en dermis superficial, constituido predominantemente por neutrófilos. Es un marcador de múltiples asociaciones mórbidas como infecciones, neoplasias malignas, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal crónica y procesos autoinmunes. Puede ser desencadenado por drogas y también se ha vinculado con embarazo y traumatismos. El brote de lesiones de Sweet debe hacer sospechar la presencia de una neoplasia, o bien como ocurrió en nuestra paciente, su diseminación metastásica. Se destaca que la mayor cantidad de trabajos en los que se comunica su asociación con carcinoma de mama corresponden a la literatura nacional.

Síndrome de Sweet associada à policitemia vera / Sweet’s syndrome associated withpolycythemiavera

A síndrome de Sweet pode estar associada a malignidades hematológicas, principalmente, à leucemia mieloide aguda, porém existem poucos relatos demonstrando a associação com a policitemia vera. Relata-se o caso de doente do sexo masculino, de 65 anos, portador de policitemia vera,que evoluiu com aparecimento de síndrome de Sweet na sua forma paraneoplásica.

Sweet’s syndrome may be associated with hematological malignancies, particularly with acute myelogenous leukemia, but there are few reports of its association with polycythemiavera. We describethe case of a 65-year-old male patient, diagnosed with polycythemiavera, which developedinto paraneoplastic Sweet's syndrome.

Síndrome de Sweet asociado a carcinoma de mama / Sweet`s Syndrome associated with breast carcinoma

El síndrome de Sweet es una entidad infrecuente definida como una dermatosis neutrofílica febril aguda. Puede asociarse a diferentes patologías, entre ellas,aunque escasamente, a tumores sólidos. Describimos un caso de síndrome de Sweet asociado a carcinoma de mama. Enfatizamos las características distintivas que presenta el síndrome de Sweet cuando se asocia a malignidad. Se realiza una revisión de esta asociación en la literatura nacional.

Sweet´s Syndrome is an uncommon entity defined as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis. This syndrome can be associated with different diseases, among them and in few cases, solid tumors. We describe a case of Sweet´s syndrome associated withbreast carcinoma. We emphasize the distinctives clues of Sweet´s syndrome in the context of malignancy. A review of this association in the national literature is done.

Dermatosesrelacionadas às doenças da tireóide / Skin diseases related to thiroid disease

As disfunçöes tiroidianas, näo raramente, manifestam-se em associaçäo ou induzem ao aparecimento de quadros cutâneos. Em algumas situaçöes, as queixas iniciais ou principais dos pacientes portadores de tiroidopatias säo relatadas como alteraçöes na pele e, assim sendo,os dermatologistas seräo os primeiros médicos a serem consultados. Neste artigo, descrevemos as alteraçöes cutâneas que ocorrem nos pacientes com doenças tiroidianas, tais como: cisto do ducto tireoglosso, metastase cutânea do câncer de tireóide e lesöes näo específicas relacionadas ao hipo e ao hipertiroidismo.

Síndrome de Sweet: revisión bibliográfica / Sweet's syndrome: a review

El síndrome de Sweet es una dermatosis caracterizada por la aparición brusca de placas eritematosas, dolorosas, predominantemente en cara, cuello y extremidades, acompañada de fiebre, leucocitosis a predominio neutrofílico y denso infiltrado dérmico leucocitario polimorfonuclear. Es bien conocida su relación con procesos neoplásicos malignos, motivo por el cuál es necesario el estudio minucioso y seguimiento del paciente. Presentamos un caso de leucemia mielomonocítica aguda asociada a ésta dermatosis, realizando una revisión bibliográfica del tema